Sewing-machine



` 7^-sheets-sheet 1. y 01H. WlLLCOXSv J. E. A. GIBBS. SeWingvMaohine".

Patented April 12,1881. F691/ (lm, @9L/MM@ Q/W www , 7 Sheets-Sheet 2;A VC. H. WI'LI .G()XY 8u J. ILA. GIBBS.

Sewing Maohine.j

, U Patented April 12,1881.

if@ 'E :'-f g c@ im v N.PETERS, PHOTGLITHOGRAPHR WABHINGYON. l.)y C.

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' 'heets-Sheet 3. -G..H. WILLGX 8v J. E. A. GIBBS.

Sewing Machine.

Patented April 12, H881.

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NV PETERS, PHOTO-UTHOGRAPHER, 'VSNINBTNi ,D10

l 'ZSheets-Sheet 41.

C. H. WILLGOX 8a J. E". A. GIBBS. Sewing Machine.

No. 239,998. Patented April 12.11881.

NLPETERS, PHOTO-LITHDGRAFHHEFL WASHINHTQN. b. C.

7 Sheets-Sheet 6. G. H'. WILLGOX 8u J. E. A. GIBBS. Sewing' Machine.

No. 239,998.l Patented April 12,1881.l

n. Pneus; pHoro-unocminvsn. msumsronl o. c.

7 sheets-sheet 7. Y CNH. WILLOXl 8u J. E. A. GIBBS..

VSewing Machine. Y

Patented April 12,1881.

N,PETERS, PHDTO-UTMOGRAPHER, WASHINGTON. D, (I

rrialDfl STATE-s PATENT FFICE.

CHARLES i-I. WlLLCOX, I" NEW YORK, N. Y., AND `JAMES E. A. GIBBS, F

ROCK BRIDGE COUNTY, VIRGINIA.

SPECIFICATQN 'forming part of Letters Patent No. 239,998, dated April 12,",1881.

` i Appia-.linnn men Febnmry 4. leen.

'7^ all z rhom 1' t may concern v ctknown that weuanmas lli-:snr WILL- fOX, of the city, county, and State of` New York, and JAMES Bowman ALLEN hens, o1'

the county oflioekbridgmin the State of Virginia, have invented.- new and useful lmprovements in Sewingddachines, which improvements are fully set forth in the following speci'- tication. a

This invention relates more particularly to the classof machines which produce a lool;- stitch by means of a rotary hook carrying the loop of an upper thread around the mass ofthe. lower thread contained. n-a stationary, ovcomparat'ively stationary, mithin-case, and cornpletcs each 4stitch separately by means'of an independenitalie-np; and the'object of tlieinvention is, generally, to increase the regularity `and rapidityot' movement and the eiliciency `in operation in the. production ot' the. stitches with precision and certainty, and with little friction or strain upon the tli i'e:nl,except that resulting from the. tension, and, in tine, to attain as near as possible tlie results in which, by universal nel:nowledgnient, the perfection oi"sewing-machines consists. The following: special improvements may, however, he here more particularly. set forth.

First, ilr carrying: the loop over the bobbin in machines heretoforcconstructed the thread i's suiiieeted to more or less friction against or between the bobbin orits case and' the rotary hook and the slide-ring or other device employed to liold'the bobbin in position in the rotary hool. In this invention a Vpractically free path is secured over and around Athe bobbin-case, und the thread is carried over the sides ofthe bobbin aud'case substat'it ially without. friction.

i -Secondly, friction of the bobbi'n-ease with the hook is also practically avoided. When the bobbin-case rests or beurs against the hook it.l not. only retards the machine, hut the surfaces in contact are roughen-ed or become yworn,

, and o il is required for lubrication, winch soils the thread. 1n the present invention the hoblnncase is-hung.:4 orsuspended, like a pendulum,

from a stationary point, soas to be clenrof the,A

hook. Means forsuspendinga bolibin-easelia'yo i heen employed in rotary-hook niachinesin mak'- -liin in the case.

ing,T aloelestitch, in which each stitch is drawn up hy the action of the rotary hook in taking down the needledoop to form the next stitch; hut never, so far as we are aware, have they been used in combination with an independent tahe-np and other elements of a machine completing each stitch separately. Furthermore. inthe. l'iresent inventionfthe bobbinease is held upon 'the stationary point or hanger by the hook itself, instead of by means of ,a stationary- 6o linc'eror a supplementaryplate, as in the machiues` referred to', and ini 1ortai-itadvantages in avoidingstrain npon the thread of the needleloop are. thnssecured.

Thirdly,v with the rotary Vhooks heretoforev generally known and used the needle-loop passing over the hohbiircase places itself (hago-- nally ou the point of the hook. In this invention the-loop is held sqnarelyacrossthe point l i'. e.. parallel with theaxis of the hookand is, 7o

when carried overthe bolibiu-case, straight on both sides thereof in such a way as to require the `least possible thread for the loop, accord ing to the size ofthe bobbin-case used.

Fonrthly, in order to give a free path over 7 5 the bobbin-case itis necessary to hold the bobf In this invention a split ring is contained in an annular recess inthe barrel of the bobbi'n, which clasps a spindle in the bobbin'case'a'nd retains the bobbin within the 8o case, while allowing it to turn freely.

Fifth, in this invention the movements are uall, so far as possible, continuous, rotary, positive, and regular. The speed at which ma chine-scan be driven is very much limited by reciprocating parts, and especially those whose movements 'are irregular. The movement of the upper or loop thread in the formation of the stitcli is irregular, and it is necessary that the take-up shouldtalte up and giveout the 9o' 'thread4 accordingly. lThis effect has been gen- Aeially prmlneed hy levers or devices operated by cams, althoughapparatus of various constructions haviu.r a rotary or combined rotary and reciprocating motion have been devised.

ln this invention the irregularity of action i8 secured with a perfectly regular rotary motion. The feed 'movement is positive inall directions, and takes place iu an elliptical path, the hertzontal axis of which is longer or shorter, aetoo e vlI f www Sixthly. in order to run at great speeds it is desirable that the reciprocating or rotary parts should 'besmall and light,l and that allV movements should be made as short as possi,-

ble. yliv malt'ingthe parts'small and light the frictionnnd powerare much lessened, and the same may bc'said ot'shortening,r theniovements ot'vthe severalparts. Ifa loop greater than is' absolutely necessaryis taken down b vthehoolc the act ion oi'the take-np, and,consequently its size and rapidity ot"- movement, must be i n creased, n'nd also the rate at which the thread is drawn through the cloth and the eye ot'the needle. .'lloreover, lthe sanie'thread has to be worked over and over more ot'ten in sewing,r the s'an|e. length of fabric. ln this' machine the shortest loop consistent with the size'ot'thc bobbin inclosed is taken d own, the bobbiii being capable ot'uliolding' about eighty yards of' No'. SU cotton, and the thread required toiorm the loop two and seven-eighths inches. This result is secured by placing the bobbin in its ca se slightly eeeentric, so that a beveled-sur face lcan be made upon the bobbin-case atv the proper point to assist in spreading the loop over and to thtl haelt ot'it, and still allow the smallest possible diameter ot' hook that. will direct line from and to thel cloth.

proper loop to bc thrown by the needle, and

bv carrving the loop when passing under thc bobbin-ense square across and in thc most .I Y ln this invention, also, the feed-eceentric is small, and the throw ot'the needle and the size ot' the takeup nrc reduced so f`a`r as consistent with etiieient operation.

Scventhly, in this invention thenpperthread'j is kepty ont oi' possible contact with the needle bar, so tlnlt. the soiling; ot' itv b v the oil with which thc needle-bar in machines` usiner a straight needle is covered isi avoided.

Eighthly, in sewing at high speed n was found that. the thread was li'ableto be divided or strandt-d o-rto break, t'or sonic unexplained reason. We. have discovered that this result is caused by tlieimpaling ofthe thread upon the point oi' the needle from the momentum diie to the upward movement oi' thc thread under the action oi'the take-up, and we have thereforcprovided a shield' or tinger, whiclranto.- niati'cnlly interposes itseltvagt the beginning oi' this movement, a'i'idprotects the thread by kecpin'tgf'flt otl' the point oi the needle.

Ninthly, to place and securc'tlic bobbm and casein thcrota-ry hooi: or to remove it therefrom in machines` heretofore devised is a mat! I- ter oi' nnn'c or less dt'iliculty.

We, havcprovided ahlnged bobbin-holder, on the face oif which the hohhin-case is'hnng and rests, and

by'turning this holder into an upright position the bobbin is inserted in its proper po- Sition in the hook, and when the holder is allowed to drop on its hingeit. carries the bobbin aml case out of and clear ot' the hook. so that they .may bcread'ily removed.

Tenthly, the needle, in descending,

passes .in front ot'4 the bobbni and case,

and 4to place 'the latter in the'hook at such times orto take it out would be impossible withoutbending or. break-ing the needle. Devices are, therefore, in4 this` invention, provided to antonnitically lock the bobbin -holder to prevent it from being. moved into or outot position, except when thc needle is clear ofthe hook. f

Eleventhly, the take-upA is formed of. two disks or plates, between which-thc thread is inclosed and protected, 'and there are, in operatiotn no protecting' or exposed parts liable to interl'er'e with the free movements ot' the operator or to be accidentally broken. l

'1`wcli`thly, the adjust'nient'ot' the tension on the under thread has heretofore been effected, but inconveniently, by devices placed Aupon the bobbinca'se. The removal ofthe case has usually been necessary for thc purpose". ln this invention the tension plate or'washer is placed upon the bobbin-case, and its adjustment is etl'ccted readily and without .removal of the. bobbin-case from the hook. ,\loreover, the adl jnstiiient can be etieeted without removal ofa slide or other part oi the clothplate,'a hole. being made in the plate, so thata iingcroi' the operator can' be intri'iduccd through it to operate said device,

.lhirteentl'ily, in order to prevent the break# ing ot' the needles or accidental injury to the hook or other part oi' the machine by the striking ot' the point of' the hook againstor passing;` on the wrong' side ot' the needle, the bohbin-ca'sc is provided with :'tvertical hole, into which the needle enters, and which thus ,frnidesthc nee die, and, inv connection with thc needle-hole in the throat-plate, accomplishes the result in avoiding all liabilitytothe'danger indicateih This invention also eonsistsin the construetion, combination, and arrangement.ofparts, as hereinafter niorc fully` setA i'orth.

The invention will be understood from the following.r description, which will enable those skilled in the art to which it' appertains to malte and usc the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, whit-,litoral a part. oi' this specification, and which represent a sewing-unichinc constructed in with said invention.

Figure l'is a top. view; Fig. 2, a front eleva-4 tion, partly in section; Fig. 3, 'a sectional elevation of thc head ol the machine, the take-up and segment for guiding the thread thereto he in g removed; Fig, 4, a bottoni v'iewot' the ina"- Vchine; Fig. 5, an end view, looking at'tbehead of the nnichinc, and Fig; 6 an end view i'r'om the opposite end. .Fimou is a view, in per-f1 specti`ve,'oi`a portion ot' 4the l'ccd mechanism detached. Fig. 7. is an cndjview ofthe goose accordance neck and head of the machine, as shown in Fig. 5, with the take-up and segments for guiding the thread thereto removed, Fig. 8, a sectional elevation of the standard ofthe goose-neck, looking fromv the rear, the rotary hook-shaft and'pinion being also shown; Fig. 9, a sectional elevation looking from the right end of the machine, showing, mainly, the gears for communicating motion from the main to the r0- tary hook-shaft; and Fig. 10 a sectional elevation looking from the left end of the machine, illustrating mainly mechanism for-operating the feed. Fig. 11 is a sectional View on au enlarged scale, showing the rotary hook, bobbin, and case, and a part of the bobbin-holder, the bobbiu-case being shown suspended in the hook from t-hehauger, thelatter bein gfastened to the bobbin-holder. Figc. l2 and 13 are enlarged Views of the rotary hook in front and side elevation, respectively. Fig. 14 is a top view, Fig. 15 a front elevation, Fig. 16 a section on line y y, Fig. 15, Fig. 17 a rear elevation, and Fig. 18 a section on line z a, Fig. 1T, of the bobbin-case enlarged. Fig. 19 is an enlarged sectional view of the bobbin, the split ring in the interior of the barrel thereof being shown in elevation. Figs. 20, 21, and 22 represent, in front and side views, and ou an enlarged scale, the tension-washer ofthe bobbincase, the screw for adjusting the pressure on the tension-Washer, and the nut into which the screw turns, respectively. Fig. 23 shows the construction ofthe opening in the bobbin-case through which the needle passes, and Fig 24 of that through which the underthread passes from the interior of the case to 4the tension, Fig. 24b is a detail view, in section, of a portion of the take-up, showing the manner of connecting the plates. -A Fig. 25 shows, on au enlarged scale and in two views, the needle-bar with the thread-protector attached. Figs. 26, 27, 28, and 29 are, respectively, a rear view, plan, end View, and front view of the bobbinholder with the block by which it is attached to the machine-frame, the arm of the feed-bar to which thefeed-sluface is attached being show-n in section in Fig. 26 iu position for locking the holder and preventing it from being dropped on its hinge. Figs. 30, 3l,` 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, and 37 constitute a series of diagrams illustratin g the different positions occupied by the stitch-forming devices and teedsurface in the formation of each stitch.

rlhe same letters indicate like parts where they occur.

A is the main plate of the machine-frame, and B the goose-neck or stationary arm. In the latter the main shaft C turns in bearings, being driven by a belton the pulley7 C or by other suitable means. From a gear, (12,011 the main shaft power is conveyed to the rotary hook-shaft D by two intermediate gears, (Pand C4, and a pinion, D, on the shaft D, the piniori D being half the size of the gear C2, so that the shaft D is revolved at twice the speed of the main shaft. l The feed is operated by au eccentric, E, (see Fig. 10,) on the main shaft.

The needle-bar F is'operated through a pitman, F3, by a crank, F', on the main shaft C.

The take-up H is rotary and is fixed to the outer end of the crank F.

The rotary hookK is fixed upon its shaft D. It makes, therefore, two revolutions for each reciprocation of the needle. The hook (most clearly shown in Figs; 11, 12, and 13) is in its general form a cylindrical cup, having on the inside, near the front edge, a concentric shoulder, lr. At 7l" on the periphery and at k2 at the back it is cut away, as shown, to form the point of the hook 7a4, the extreme end k3 of which extends slightly beyond the edge ofthe main body ofthe hook. The edge of the 'shoulder c, under the point k, is beveled. to permit the loop when taken on the point to ride over it easily.

Across the opening c isa shield or loopshed der, 7c5,for1ninga part ofthe hook. This shedder is attached upon oppositesides of the opening, and on the front edge ishollowed out, as and to allow the loop to be thrown by the neeshown, Fig. 13, to expose the point of the hook dle. Above the point h4 the shedder is cut away on the underside, so as to form a shoulder, kf", and leave a space to receive the thread. The shoulder 7c extends squarely across the hook.

The bobbin-case ll is suspended within the rotary hook by means of a hanger, 0, which projects into a recess, L2, in the face of the bobbin-case near its upper edge, On the periphery of the. bobbin-casc a shoulder, l, is

formed opposite the shoulder k on the rotary hook. At the top a portion is cut away, leaving an open space, Z3. The face of the shoulder l is beveled from about midway ot' the bob biucase toward the bottom, as shown by the dotted line in Fig; 16, so as to leave at the bottom a small space between it and the shoulder 7c, and thus permit a slight movementof the bobbin-case into the hook.

In order to employ as small a bobbin-case as possible with the saine size of bobbiu the periphery of the case is turned eccentrically with reference to theopenin g orrecess for thebobbin,

so that suiicient thickness is given on one side for a bevel or incline to be made, as indicated by Z5, (see Figs. 14, 16, and 18,) so as to assist in carrying the loop of the needle-thread to the back of the bobbin-case. After the loop has been spread over the bobbin-caseit can be carried or drawn as well over a flat as over a beveled surface, so that the shell 0f thecase may be reduced, except at the part mentioned. For the sake of lightness, the inside of the beveled Vportion is cut away, as shown. The recess thus formed also allows a hole. to be made outside of the diameter of the bobbin to carry the thread from the bobbin to the. outsideof the bobbin-case, so as to be passed through the tension and to the cloth.

The bobbin M turns upon the spindle l arranged in the center of the recess or opening. within the case. It is held on the spindle byA means of a split ring, m, sprung into an annul lar recess in the bore of the barrel m. When the bobbin is slipped into the case the split ring clamps the spindle, and thus, while the bobbin is allowed free rotary motion by turningupon the ring min its recess, endwise movement is prevented. A

In the center of the spindle is a screw, n, which passes through a hole in the head ofthe bobbin-case and screws at the opposite end into a nut, a', held from turning by means ot a spline workingin a split or slot in the spindle l. A spiral spring, n2, bears one end against the head.v of the case and the other against the nut a. rlhe head of the screw a bears against a tension plate or washer, N, fitted in a recess in the head of the bobbin-case, and the spring a2, by pressure against the nut af, holds said tension-plate against the head of the bobbincase. The pressure can be regulated by turnin gthe screw n, thereby compressingthe spring more or less, according to the direction in which the screw is turned. The edge of the tensionplate Nis lturned up at one side, (see Fig. 20,)

`sot-hat the thread can be readily drawn be tween the plate and the head of the bobbincase. rlwo pins, n4, Fig. 15, on the latter t into holes inthe tension-plate, and serveto prevent the turning of said tension-plate, and also to guide the thread and to equalize it on opposite sides of the screw n. In the upper part of the bobbin-case, Figs. 14,15,17, 23,24, are a hole and slot, a5, for the passage of the under thread from the bobbin to the tension, another hole and slot, a, for the passage from the tension to the cloth, and a vertical hole, wf', to lreceive the needle. The tension-plate, Fig. 20, is slotted at a8 from the top for the passage of the needle.

In order that the thread may not be drawn over the edge of the bobbin'the inner side ol' the head ot' the bobbin-case is recessed to receive one ot' thel side plates or anges ot' the bobbin, and the hole a5 enters abovethe edge ot' the recess, as shown in Fig. 24.

Y The face ofthe bobbin-case is formed at the top with a projection, I6., Figs. i4 and 15, which prevents the turning of the bobbin-case, and in which the hole n" is made. At the bottom of the slot a8 in the tension-washer, when secured l on the bobbin-case, is a small hole, a9, which extemlsthrough the head of thc case for pushin g out the bobbin by a pin or other similar instrument.

The bobbin-case is supported by a bobbinholder, O, which is hinged ato to a block, O', attached to the machine-frame and extending under the rotary hook. The block O has two segmental or curved sides, 013, between which the holder O moves and which serves to retain the bobbin-case in position to guide it while beinginserted into or removed from the hook. ln this bobbin-holder the hangerO is fastened so as to project beyond its face. The

lower side ot' the hanger is curved or beveled, and upon the top it may be inclined, as shown, or itmay be level The face of the holder O is cut away opposite the bobbin-case, except at the lower part, where a bearing, 02, is left for the bobbin-ease to rest against when suspended on the hanger. Near the top the surface is cut away toform a shoulder, o3, between which and the side of hanger O the projection Z6 is loosely confined. The bobbin-case is prevented from turning in one direction by contact of one side of the projection l6 with the shoulder o3, and in the other direction by contact of the opposite side of the projection l with the side of the hanger, sufficient space for the largest thread being allowed. Since this side, when the case is placed in position on the. hanger, is adjacent to the side of the latter and extends beyond the edge of the recess L2, as shown in Fig. 14, the path between the side of the hanger and that ofthe recess L2 is always left free.

A spring-catch at the back ofthe holder retains it-in position when turned on its hinge into the positions shown in the drawings. This catch is formed by a pivoted bar, 05, against which a spring, 06, placed in a hole in the holder, bears.

At the side of the bobbin-holder extends an arm, 07, which has a projection, o, on its upper side near the end, the purpose and operation of which will be hereinafter explained.

In the kcenter ot' the holder a short shaft, o9, isplaced, which is free to turn, and also to move endwise, the endwise movement, however, being limited by suitable collars or shoulders. At one end ofthe shat't is a milled head, ow, and at the'other a small blade,o11, of a size to tit in the nicks which are made in the head of the hobbin-tension screw. A spring, o, surrounds the shat't o, and by its pressure holds the blade o1l out ot' contact with the head of the screw n. By pressing on the head 010 the blade o11 is forced into a niek in the head ofthe screw a when the bobbin-case is in position, and by turning the head the tension can be regulated without removing the bobbin from the machine. the spring returns the screw-driver, which the shaft and its blade, in fact, form, to its first position.

ln order to place the bobbin-case in position in the rotary hook it is suspended from the` hanger against the face of the bobbinholder, (this being dropped and its face being inclined,) and by raising the holder the bobbin is brought into position in the rotary hook. Suitable, stops limit its movement onthe hinge, which stops are, or may be, formed by elevations x on one ot' the sides, 013, in the path of the arm o7.

The gearing which conveys motion from the main to the hook shaft is rendered noiseless by forming the teeth ot' alternate gears of leather or other deadening material, the teeth of the other gears being ot' metal. The intermediate gear G3 and pinion D, Fig. 8, are formed of a metal boss, c, and a leather ring, c', in which the teeth are cut, surrounding the boss and ICO IOS

IIC)

When the head is released IZO confined between a'llange, c2, on the boss, and a metal washer, c3, by means of rivets. The leather pieces are glued together and compressed to solidify them. The washer c3 is riveted on under pressure. The face of the leather gears are turned oft' and the teeth cut as if they were of solid metal. The width on the face of the leather ring should be slightly greater than that of the metal gears, in order that there may be no. contact of metal surfaces.

In order to permit the adjustment of the gearing either in the first instance or to take up wear the pins u, on which the intermediate gears turn, are rendered movable by making the holes in the standards of the goose-neck through which they pass somewhat larger than the periphery ot the pins, and securing them by screws passing loosely through holes in the han ges u2,washers being placed under the heads of the screws.

The bar I), Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6, to one arm of `which the feed-surface is fastened, is pivoted at both ends to a rocker, P', which is hinged by two pins to the machine-frame. The arm to which the feed-surface is attached has its center directly over the axis ot the pin on which the bobbin-holder turns, and on the under side is hollowed out, as shown at p, Fig. 26, on an arc of a circle concentric with the movement of the bobbin-holder. When the feed is depressed below the throat-plate this arm is in the path ot' the arm o7 of the bobbin-holder, or ot" the projection o8 thereon, so that movement of the latter to open or close the bobbin-holder is prevented. When the feed is raised the path of the arm o"I is clear and the bobbin-holder may be turned in or out freely. The object ot' hollowing the under side ot the arm of the feed-bar is to secure a free passage, when passage is allowed at all, and thus prevent binding ot' the arm 07. Since in this, as in other machines having a four-feed motion located beneath the cloth-.plate the feed and needle approximately rise and fall together, the bobbinholder will be locked when the needle is below the cloth and unlocked when it has risen clear ofthe hook. The other arm,p, Fig. 10, ofthe feed-bar isjointed by means ot' a pin with the lower end ot' the slotted bar P2, which, at the upper end, ts around the feed-eccentric E in the main shaft.

In the slot 192 in the bar P2 is a box, p3, which is free to slide up and down in said slot, the boX turning freely upon a fulcrum pin or stud, p4, forming part of a slide, P3, which is guided in its movement up and down by a tongue fitting in a groove in the center plate, P4, which forms part ofthe machine-frame.

A bow-spring, p5, secured upon the side of the slide and bearing against theinside of the goose-neck presses it against the plate P4,and thus produces sufficient friction to retain the slide P3 in its position on the center plate, P4. A rack, p5, Fig. S, upon the side of the slide, is engaged by a pinion, Q, journaled in the side of' the upright part of the goose-neck and operated by a handle on the outside. By turning said handle `the slide, and with it the fulcrum-pin p4 and box p3, is raised or lowered, thereby increasing or diminishing the backand-forth movement of the lower end of the bar P2, and consequently of the feed andthe length ot' the stitch, while the up-and-down movement is constant.

It is obvious,on account'of the respective lengths of the levers on each side of the fulcrum p4, that when the box is near the lower end ot' the slot the length of feed will be short, but when near the upper part it will be long. All the movements ot' this feed are positive, and no retractile springs are required.

In order to furnish an exact indication of the length of stitch a plate, Q', is attached to the shaft ot" the pinion Q, and the circumference ot' this is marked up into divisions at the required distances apart. erate the pinion Q is attached near the outer edge of this plate.

The needle-bar is, as already stated, operated by a crank ou the main shaft. It moves in guide-holes in the head ofthe machine (see Figs. 3 and 7) and is connected with a crosshead, F2, which is guided by the presser-bar G. To this cross-head the pitman F3, connected at thelower end by a stud, conveys the movement of the crank in avertical direct-ion. In order to obtain a slower movement at the top of the stroke ofthe needlebar, to give time for the action of the take-up, the pitman is made short relatively to the throw of the crank. The presser-bar Gr is free to move in guideholes in the head ot' the machine, and is held down by a spring in any ordinary or suitable way. In the construction shown in the drawings one'end of a spiral spring bears against a pin inserted in a hole in the bar, while its upper end presses against the head of the machine. To raise and lower the presser-bar an eccentric or cam lever, G', is pivoted to the head of the machine and acts upon a pin fixed to the presser-bar, which pin works in a slot and serves to steady the bar.

The tension Gr4 is ot' any ordinary lor suitable construction. The threadis led from the spool-holder Giaround the pin g, thence `between the washers ot' thetension,then through the bend in the upper part ot' the pin g to the take-up, as clearly shown in Fig. 2.

'Ihe take-up H is formed ot' two disks or plates, h h, Fig. 1, held about one-sixteenth of an inch apart by two washers with grooved edges, and connected by rivets passing through the plates and washers in the manner substan tially as shown by the detail view, Fign-.24tf.V

For convenience these rivets and washers are generally represented as solid pins h2 h3, Figs. 30 33, which would, in fact, answer every purpose. The take-up is fastened to the end of the main shaft by a screw which passes through the inner plate only, or by means which will leave the space between the plates at'the center open for the passage of the thread. The

The handle to op!` IOO IOS

IIO

peripheries of the plates on the side toward the operator (it may be entirely around, if desired) are covered by a segment of a ring, H', inwhich are slotted holes h8 hg, Fi gs.5 and 30 to 37, for the passage ofthe thread. In order to keep the thread in the slot It, to which it is led from the pin g, a short plate or bar, IL10, is secured to the segment H at one end and projects across said slot. The bar or plate should preferablyvbe a spring, so as to bear at its free end against the upper surface of the segment H and prevent accidental escape of the thread from the hole. From this hole h8 the thread is passed to the left, Fig. 5, between the plates of the take-up into the slotted hole h5. Between the hole hg and the eye of the needle a thread-protector, I, is provided,which prevents the thread from coming in contact with the needle-bar and thus becoming soiled by the oil on said bar, and which consists (see Fig. 25) of a rod or wire grooved throughout the main portion of its length and terminating at the bottom in a short inclined tube, i, where it is attached to the needle-bar. The tube t' guides the thread and delivers it close to the needle l. The needle is grooved on the side of the thread-protector from the eye upward, and upon the opposite side from the eye downward to the point.

In order to keep the thread oft' the needlepoint when running at high speed a threadshield is employed, which consists of a fin ger, I2, pivoted to the head of the machine, (see Fig. 7,) and operated by means of a pin on the cross-head F2 moving in a slot in its upper end. Any suitable means might be used to impart the required movement to this fin ger or threadshield. From the shape of the slot, as shown, the finger islcaused to place itself under the point of the needle as it rises. On the descent of the needle the linger is gradually withdrawn. The end of the linger is turned to one side, so as to be always placed on the left side of the thread.

A suitable throat-plate with needle-hole and feed-slots is secured to the cloth-plate of the machine. A slide, R, permits access to the bobbin-holder. In this slide is a hole, into which a linger of the operator can be introduced to regulate ,the tension by lneans of the milled-headed screw-driver in the bobbinholder.

At the back of the goose-neck or arm C, and encircling the bearing of the shaft, is an extension or boss, S, which serves as a journal for the boss-pulley S. The band is caused to run in the pulley S when spooling a bobbin. The spooler S2 may be of any ordinary or suitable construction, and is arranged to be driven by the band of the machine when it runs upon the loose pulley S'. i

The operation of the machine is as follows: The bobbin being filled and the thread passed from the inside ofthe bobbin-case through the hole a5, the bobbin is placed in the case and the thread is then placed under the tensionplate N, around the pins a4, and out through the hole a6; The bobbin-holder O being open or dropped the bobbin-case is suspended on the face thereof from the hanger 0, and the holder is turned up into an upright position to introduce the bobbin into the hook, the needle being above the plate. The spring-catch retains the holder in position. The segmental sides guide the bobbin-case properly into the hook. The upper thread is led from the spool through the tension and take-up and threadprotectorto and through the eye of the needle, as already stated. That the needle shall always be inserted in the needle-bar in the proper position its shank is grooved and there is a spline in the hole of the needle-bar, over which the groove fits, and the hole is ot' such, depth that the needle may be pushed to the top. The work is then introduced, the presserfoot let down, and the machine started by turning the top of the pulley on the main shaft toward the operator. movements of the parts. The rotary hook is revolved in the opposite direction to the main shaft and at twice the speed. The needle-bar descends by the revolution of the crank F', carrying with it thethread-protector, and forces t-he needle through the cloth. Upon the ascent of the needle the point of the rotary hook is carried through the loop. The point spreads the loop and the loop-shedder turns over the thread leading from the cloth across the point, so that it rests in contact with the shoulder k6. The continued movement of the hook carries this thread over the left of the bobbin-case, While the thread from the needle is carried over the righ t, the movement to the back of the case being assisted by the inclined surface l5. At lthe time of taking the loop the point of the hook is opposite the openin g in the shoulder L on the bobbin-case, but by the continued revolution the point is carried past the opening, and the shoulder lr extends entirely across the said opening, so that the thread leading from the needle, although otherwise free, is inclosed and prevented from escaping by the close proximity of the shoulders k l. As the loop is carried over the bottom of the loobbin-casev the outer thread from the cloth strikes against the side of the hanger O, and it then passes between the case and the bearing o2 on the face of the bobbin-holder, and in doing so swings the case suspended from the hanger like apendulum into the hook just suciently to allow thepassageof thethread. This sidewise movement is permitted by the form of the shoulder I, by which a spaceis left at thelower part between it and the shoulder k. As soon as the loop has passed over the lowest part ofthe bobbin-case it begins to be drawn up. It is, however, held on thehookby means of the shoulders and 7c until the point again comes opposite the opening in the shoulder l, when the loop is released.

The action ofthe hook in connection with the other parts will now be described, reference being had to Figs. 30 to 37.

The arrows indicate the- IOO In vposition'l, Fig. 30, the needle is at the bottom of its stroke, the thread beingloose between the plates ofthe take-up. `By the revolution of the main shaft the parts are brought intoposition II, Fig. 31, in which th-e hook has taken and spread the loop,v drawing down the thread required. The take-up, in passingfrom position I to II,is releasing thethread. In position III the hook has completed another eighth ot' its revolution, the take-up continuing to give out the thread, but slowly. The finger or shield 12 for the upper thread is approaching the needle. In position IVthe shoulder k6 of' the shedderis directly under thebobbin-case, and the loop is readyto be drawn up,havingbeen carried over the bottom of the bobbin-case. The needle is slowly rising, having almost reached the top of its stroke, the nger or thread-shield l2 has interposed itself below the point ofthe needle at the side of the upper thread, the take-up is just coming into action to take up the thread, the pin or washer hbeing brought into contact therewitlnand the feed has begun to rise. In position V, Fig. 34, the needle is at the top of its stroke, the take-uphas commenced its action, drawing the thread rapidly over the thread shield or finger I2 and through the eye of the needle, and the f'eed has begun to act upon the fabric sewed. As the hook revolves the takeup continues to draw up the slack of the loop until position VI, Fig. 35, is attained, when the loop is about to be drawn between the hanger and the bobbin-case. The feed has now risen to its highest position, and has lifted and holds suspended the bobbin-case by means of the under thread, so that a free passage is made for the loop between the upper side of the hanger andthe surface of the case, against which itusually rests. In this position VI the shoulders 7c and Z on the rotary hook and bobbin-case no longer retain the loop on the hook, but permit it to be freely drawn around the hanger, as shown. In position VII, Fig. 36, the stitch is completed, the take-up is at its farthest limit, in reaching which it has drawn olf from the spool through the tension the thread required for the stitch, the feed is passing below the surface of the throat-plate, allowing the bobbin-case to drop back ou the hanger, and the thread shield orfinger has withdrawn t'romthe path of the descending needle. As the needle descends for the formation of' another stitch little or no additional thread is required, the eye of the needle passing easily over the thread if held taut. At this timethe pin or washer hzis swinging in the bight of' the thread and gives up the thread very slowly. When, however, the parts are brought into position VIII, Fig. 37, and the eye begins to descend below the cloth, a rapid giving up ofthe thread is .lecessary, and the action of the fake-up to release the thread is correspondingly rapid. The several part-s are then brought again into position I, and the operations described are repeated. When the rotary hook passes from position VI to position i VII, since the needle is above the cloth, ittakes no loop, but makes 'an idle revolution, before the needle descends and throws another'loop. iWhen theI take-up acts to finish the stitch the under thread is drawn off' through the tension,

the bobbiu-case being drawn againstthe under periphery of the hook, which furnishes the resistance required.

The needle d uri ug the taking up of the slack vhas only a slight movement, as the crank F is `to be drawn down as the hook requires.

It Will be seen that the pin h3 (or washer) nearest the center does not interfere with the takingup action at all, but in slackening it regulates the giving up of the thread.

In order to diminish the size of' the take-up and also the length ofthe thread necessary to be drawn Vup at each stitch, the take-up is arranged to draw up and give out the length of the thread required for sewing ordinary fab` ries.

When very thick goods are sewed with a long stich the length of thread required in adi dition to the amount furnished by the take-up is drawn from the spool through the tension by the rotary hook as the loop is carried over the bottom of the bobbiu-case. of the bobbiu-holder by means of' the arm O"I and the feed is effected periodically in the inan-l `ner already stated.

The object of the thread shield or nger has already been stated to be to keep the upper thread from the point of the needle. For running at ordinary speeds this device would not be necessary; but when a speed is :attained of' from one thousand tive hundred stitches per minute upward to two thousand tive hundred or over, a-s hais been practically obtained with this machine, the shield is required tokeep the thread from impaling itself on the point ofthe needle. At a speed of two thousand stitches per minute thethread is, in this machine, drawn through the eye of the needle at a velocity of' more than one thousand seven hundred feet per minute, two and seven-eighths inches of IOO The, locking,A

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thread beiugtakeu up at each stitch in one-third or less of the time of its formation. The momentum of even a small thread at such speeds is very great.

Ve have described what is regarded by us as the best man ner of carrying our invention into effect.l We do not, however, limit ourselves strictly thereto, for it is obvious that parts of' the invention could be used without the others, and could be applied to machines ot' otherwise ordinary or suitable construction, and alsof that various moditications might be made in details. For example, the pivoted finger or shield for the upper thread could be applied to any machine.

In case the needle-bar is operated by alever pivoted to the goose-neck or arm of the inachine, the shield could be vibrated by a pin on this lever or attached to the needle-bar itself.

The hanger, instead ot' beinginclined on the top, may be horizontal, and it will answer a good purpose so far as its operation in the hook is concerned, but by inclining the top backward, making it hook-shaped, the more certain removal of the bobbin-case from the hook is secured when the holder is dropped, and the bobbin-case is also better held ont ot' contact with the hook. v

Having thus fully described our said invention and the manner in which the same is or may be carried into et't'ect, whatwe claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a rotary-hook double-thread sewingmachine, the combination of a cup-shaped rotary hook and a bobbin-holder having a hanging piece or hanger with a bobbin-case suspended from said hanging piece or hanger Within said hook and retained in position on the hanger by the hook and bobbin-holder with-sufcient freedom to permit a loop of thread to be readily carried around it, substantially as described. y

2. Thecombination, in a rotary-hook doublethread sewing-machine, of a bobbin-holder and hanger with a bobbin-case having an enlargement on the face thereof opposite the hanger, arranged above and at one side of the point of the hanger, as shown and described, so as to prevent rotation of the bobbin-case, while allowing a free passage ot' the thread around said point of the hanger, as set forth.

3. The combination, with a rotary-hook and stationary bobbin-hanger, ot a bobbin-case provided on its face with a recess, into which the hanger projects, and a projection adapted to bear against the side ofthe hanger and extending beyond the side of the recess aforesaid, substantially as described.

4. The combination, with the bobbin-case, ot' a bobbin-hanger and a bobbin-holder, the latter recessed on its facebut provided with an elevated bearing-surface at its lower part for the bobbin-case, substantially as described.

5. A cup-shaped rotary hook ot' internallycylindrical form having a portion ot'thepperiphery and also ofthe back cut away to form the point, the extreme end ot' said point extending slightly beyond the edge of theniain portion of the hook,substantially as described. l

G. The cup-shaped internally-cylindrical rotary hook having'portions of the periphery cutI away from front to back to form the point, and provided near its edge with al1 internal, concentric shoulder, the edge ot said shoulder beneath the point bein g beveled, substantially as described.

7. The combination of a cup shaped rotary hook having a portion ot' its peripherycut away to form the point, with a loop shedder or 4shield secured across the opening in front ot' lthe point, substantially 'as described. 8. Abobbin-easeot" general cylindricalshape open at one end and. provided upon its periphery withv ashoulder extending around said case, as explained, and said shoulder being cnt a wa y at the top to form au opening for the lpassage ot' the loop ofthe needle-thread and having` its face beveled or slightly cut away toward the bottom, substantially as described. 9. A bobbin-ease having on its face side, at the top, an elevation or rim in which are sepalrate holes for the passage ot' the needle and tor deliveringthe under thread to the cloth, the centers ot said holes heilig in substantially ythe same plane perpendicular to the axis ot' the case, as described.

10. The combination, with arotary hook, ot' a stationar bobbin-case having on its face side, at the top, an elevated rim extending substantially to or beyond the path of the point of said hook, and provided with separate holes or openings for the passage ofthe needle and delivery ot' the under thread to the cloth, the ycenters ot' said holes being substantially in the same plane perpendicular to the axis ofthe bobbin-case, as set forth. M 1'1. The combination ofa bobbin-case having a circular orannular shoulder on its periphery `with a cup-shaped rotary hook having a portion of the periphery cut away from front to back to form the point, and provided with a concentric shoulder on the in teriorot'theperi phery corresponding with that on the bobbin-ease, the shoulder on said case heilig eut away at the top, as set forth.

12. The combination of the bobbin-case having openings at or near its face side for the passage ot' the needle and delivery ofthe under thread to the cloth with a cup-shaped rotary hook and a loop shedder or shield secured across the opening in front of the point ot' said hook, substantially as described.

13. The combination ot' theloop-shedder rotary hook with concentric shoulder on its inner periphery and bobbin-case provided with an exterior shoulder, said exterior shoulder being cut away at the top to form an opening, substantially as described.

14. In combination with abobbin-hangerand bobbin-case adapted to be suspended from said hanger and provided with an exterior circular IOO IIO

or annular' shoulder, the Lipper partof which to swing slightly `into the hook, substantially as described.

16. The combination, with a bobbin-casehav.- inga spindle, of a bobbin having an annular recess in the Ainterior of its barrel and provided with a split ring sprung into said recess and adapted to clamp the aforesaid spindle, substantially as described.

17. A sewing-machine bobbin having an annular recess in the interior of its barrel and provided with a split ring sprunginto said recess, substantially as described;

18. The combination,with abobbin-casehaving an opening adapted to serve as a threadguide Vfor delivering the under thread from a contained bobbinto the cloth, of a bobbin holder and support orhanger arranged to hold said case with the center of said opening or threadguide in the vertical plane parallel to the feedmotion through `the axis of the needle, substantially as described.

19. The combination, with a rotary hook, of a hinged bobbiu-holder, and adapted to retain a bobbin-case in position on the face of said bobbin, and a bobbin-hanger attached to said holder, the axis on which the holder turns being at right angles to the axis of the hook, substantially as described.

20. The. combination, with a rotary hook, of a bobbin-holder hinged to turn on a horizontal axis, means, as indicated,for supporting abobbin-ease in position on the face of the holder, and stops to limit the movements of said holder, the stop which limits the outward movement away from the hook being arranged to bring the holder to rest with the face thereof in an inclined position, substantially as described.

21. `The combination, with ahinged bobbinholder, of segmental or curved side pieces for retaining the bobbin -case in position when placed on the face of said holder and for guidin g it into the hook, substantially as described.

22. A bobbin-holder and means for supporting the same` in combination with a lockingarm adapted to be engaged by the feed in its 1 with the feed-bar having the arm carrying the descent, substantially as described.

23. lhecombination, with abobbin-case having a recess and projecting pins on the head thereof, of a tension-washer having openings therein inserted in said recess with the aforesaid pins fitting in said openings, substantially as described.

24.' A tension washer for the bobbin composed of a iiat disk, turned up at one ed ge, slotted from the top downward for the passage of `the needle, and provided with openings for attachmentto the head ofthe bobbin-case, substantially as described.

25. The combination of the bobbin-case having a central spindle,atension washer orplate fitted in a recess in thehead ofthe case, a spii ral tension-springlocated in theaforesaid spindle, a nut also located in the spindle and movable lengthwise thereof, but prevented from Lturning, and an adjusting-serew,tlie head vof .said `screw bearing against said tension washer or plate and being exposed through it to admit of adjustment of the tension, substantially as described.

26. The combination of the bobbin-case and thetension-washer and adjustable pressure devices carried by the bobbiu-case with a screwdriver or instrument for operating said devices, and means for supporting Vsaid screwv driver or instrument, the same being movable into and out of engagement therewith without removal of the bobbin-case from the rotary hook, substantially as described.

27.. The combination, with the bobbin-holder of a sewing-machine,oi.'1 a screw-driver having a collar or projection on its shaft carried by said holder and supported so as to turn freely, and also to have alimited endwise movement, and aretractile spring arranged to bear at one end against said collar or projection on the shaft of said screw-driver,substantially as described.

28. The combination, with the bobbin-holder, bobbin-case, under-thread tension located thereon, and a regulating instrument carried by said holder, of the cloth plate or slide provided with an opening located with reference to said instrument, as set forth, so that the latter may be operated by a iinge'r of the operator inserted through said opening, substantially as described.

29. The combination of the rotary hook, bobbin-case, tension device for the under-thread carried by said case, hinged bobbin-holder provided with a hanger, andan instrument carried by said holder for adjusting the aforesaid tension device, substantially as described.

30. The combination, with ahinged bobbinholder and a bobbin-han ger located on the face of the holder near the top, of segmental side pieces arranged on opposite sides of the face of the holder for retaining the bobbin-case in position on the holder and guiding it into the hook, substantially as described.

3l. The combination of the hinged bobbinholder provided with a projecting locking-arm feed-surface hollowed out on the arc of a circle concentric with the axis on which the bobbinliolder turns, substantially as described.

32. The combination, in a sewing-machine,

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with the main shaft Iturning in bearings in the arm or goose-neck and imparting motion to the needle-bar,'of a rotary hook receiving independent motion directly from the main shaft through a shaft and suitablein tervening gears, and geared to make two revolutions to each one of said main shaft, substantially as described.

33. The' combination of a needle-operating shaft turning in bearing in the goose-neck, a rotary hook-shaft located under the plate and connected with the first-named shaft through the standard oi' the goose-neck by mechanism for imparting to the hook-shaft twice the speed of revolution of `the other, a feed-bar located beneath the plate, an eccentric or feed operating device on the goose-neck or needle-operating shaft, and connections for communicating;

the required motions to said feed-bar from said eccentric or device, substantially as described. 34. The combination,witharotaryshaft and eccentric mounted thereon, of the feed-rocker hinged to the machine frame, the feedbar hinged to the rocker, the slotted bar embracing the eccentric at its upper end and connected at itslower end with an arm of the ro feed-bar, a pivoted box, and means for adjusting said box in said slotted bar, substantially as described.

35. The combination, with the slotted bar for conveying motion to the feed-bar from the r 5 eccentric, of a slide, a box movable in the slot in said bar and pivoted to said slide, a rack and pinion for moving the slide, and a spring for retaining by its pressure the said slide in any position to which it may be adjusted, subzo stantially as described.

36. rlhe combination, with the slotted bar for conveying motion to the feed-bar from the eccentric, the pivoted box, the slide, and the rack and pinion, of a disk connected with the 2 5' shaft of said pinion and marked with divisions indicating the length of stitch formed by the feed in the different positions of said disk, substantially as described.

37. The combination, with the main shaft 3o turning in bearings in the goose-neck andimparting motion to the needle-bar, of a rotary take-up in the head of the machine, a rotary hook and shaft below the plate connected with and operated from said main shaft, and feed mechanism operated from the main shaft by devices independent of those for operating the rotary hook, substantially as described.

38. Arotary take-up adapted' to operate substantially as described, and comprising disks 4o or plates having plain or smooth surfaces opposed or adjacent to each other, and separated by a suitable distance for the free passage of the thread, and one or more pins crossing the space between said disks or plates at the-re- 4 5 quired distance from the center, as set forth.

39. The combination, with the rotary takeup disks or plates having plain or smooth surfaces opposed or adjacent to 'each other and separated by a suitable distance for the passage of the thread, of two pins located at difof rotation,

beon, and formed of plates or disks, a pin or pins extending between said disks and located near their circumference, of a curved segment secured to the head of the machine over the edges of the disks, and provided with slots or openings for the reception of the thread, substantially as described.

42. The combination of the shaft turning in bearings in the goose-neck, needle-bar, and rotary take -up connected therewith and supported in thc head of the machine, and rotary hook-shaft arranged under the plate and geared or connected with the needle-shaft to make two revolutions for each of the latter, substantially as described.

43. The combination, with a reciprocating needle-bar, a rotary hook, a stationary hanger, and bobbin-case suspended in said hook by said hanger, of a take-up acting to take up the needle-loop independently of the rotary hook, so as to complete each stitch separately, and mechanism for connecting and operating said needle-bar, hook, and take-up, substantially as described.

44. The combination of the rotary hook, hanger, and bobbin-case, carrying a tension device, and suspended from the hanger in said hook, as explained, to leave a clear passage between it and the hook, with the feed mechanism, substantially as described, wherebythe bobbin-case is lifted by the feed to allow the loop free passage between the hanger and the bobbin-case, as set forth.

45. The combination, with the needle-bar and thread-guide or opening through which the thread is delivered to the needle, of a threadprotector consisting of a rod or grooved wire secured in an upright position on the side of the needle-bar adjacent to the said guide or opening and adapted to operate substantially as described.

46. The combination, with the needle-bar of a sewing-machine, of a thread-protector attached at its lower end to said bar, said protector consisting of an upright rod or wire provided on the outside or side most distant from the needle-bar with a groove, and terminating at the loweiI end in an inclined tube, substantially as described.

47. The combination, with the needle-bar, eye-pointed needle, take-up arranged to act upon the thread at a point between the spool and the needle and operating devices, of a thread-shield or pivoted finger and mechanism for interposing said shield or finger, as set forth, to ward the thread off the point of the needle as it is drawn through the eye thereof under the action of the take-up, substantially as described.

4S. The combination of the rotary hook and shaft carrying the same and located under the plate of the machine, the main shaft located in the goose-neck and geared with the hook-shaft,

.the feed device or eccentric on thema-in shaft,

feed-bar under the plate, and connecting devices for imparting movement to the feed-surface from the said device or eccentric, the needle-bar, a plain crank on the main shaft connected with the needle-bar through a pitman, and arotary take-up,substantially as described.

49. The combination of the head, goose-neck or arm, and plate of a sewing-machine with the main shaft turningin bearings in the goose- IOO IOS

shaft placed beneath the plate, and spur-geardle-bar connected with said crank through a ing connecting the main shaft with the rotary cross-head and pitrnan, a thread shield or n' hook-shaft, so as to revolve the latter at twice I 5 ger pivoted to the head of the machine and its own speed, substantially as described. operated by a pin on the cross-head moving in l In testimony whereof We have signed this a slot in the iin ger, a rotary take-up fastened specification in the presence of two subscribing` neck, a plain crank on the main shaft, the neeto the outside of the aforesaid crank, a feedwitnesses. A eccentric located on the said main shaft, the CHAS. H. WILLGOX. feed-bar hinged to the feed-rocker, and con- JAS. E. A. GIBBS. nected through a slotted bar with said eccen- Witnesses:

tric, the pivoted box and means for adjusting A. PoLLoK,

'PHILIP MANQE.

it in the said slotted bar7 the rotary hook and 

